DescriciónGloria Swanson & Billy Wilder - ca. 1950.JPG	English: Studio publicity photo of Billy Wilder and Gloria Swanson.
Data	entre 1950 date QS:P,+1950-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1480,Q5727902
Orixe	Original uploader was User:Wikiwatcher1 on 11/4/2010; transferred from the English Wikipedia: http://en.wiki.x.io/wiki/File:Wilder-Swanson-45.jpg
Autoría	Studio
Outras versións	Este ficheiro ten unha imaxe extraída: Gloria Swanson & Billy Wilder - Sunset Blvd (zoom).JPG.

Esta obra está no dominio público xa que foi publicada nos Estados Unidos de América entre 1930 e 1963, e aínda que puidese ter ou non un aviso de dereitos de autoría, os dereitos non se renovaron. Agás que o autor leve falecido o período de tempo requirido, mantén os dereitos de autoría naqueles países que non aplican a regra do período máis curto para obras nos Estados Unidos, como o Canadá (70 pma), China continental (50 pma, non Hong Kong ou Macao), Alemaña (70 pma), México (100 pma), Suíza (70 pma), e outros países con tratados individuais. Vexa Commons:Hirtle chart para máis explicacións. العربية ∙ Deutsch ∙ English ∙ español ∙ français ∙ galego ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ português ∙ português do Brasil ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ slovenščina ∙ українська ∙ 简体中文 ∙ 繁體中文 ∙ +/−

Additional source information:

This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."

Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."[1]